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Fishponds and Fishtraps of Oahu

by

William K. Kikuchi

Kauai Community College

 

There are between 170 to 190 fishponds and fishtraps on Oahu Island.  The largest number represented are the loko wai-fresh, water ponds followed by loko kuapa, with its seawall impounding a portion of the sea.  Oahu's large numbers of ponds are attributed to its shore and inland geography. The sea level recession during the  Holocene and  Pleistocene provided stranded ponds, raised fringing reefs, shallow coastlines, large shallow deltas and an indented coastline.  This geography provided the Hawaiian farmer with an ideal fresh to salt water environment  to utilize. The Hawaiians' skills in tapping this resource lead to the innovation of an incipient aquaculture whose likes are unknown in the rest of Oceania. Tied to this innovation were the socio-economic and religious threads to a rising status group of chiefs. The culmination enhanced and exemplified the wealth of the chiefdom of Oahu.

 

 

                   Kahouna/ Kahonua Fishpond, Kahaluu

City and County dredged streams-dumped silt in Kahouna pond area-permit from Yap to put it on the mauka side of the pond.  

[ Chan 1970:A-5.]

 

Dr. Raymond Yap-owner of Kahaluu pond, called Kahaluu Pond inc.  Wanted to fill it for a marina.

[ Altonn 1970:1 ]

One break in the outer wall, house presently on wall. Pond in good condition.  Wall appears to be inner-faced with stacked stones.[ Field Survey 1970. Hawaii Register of Historic Places. ]

 Old name for Kaha-luu fish pond, Oahu. Lit. the earth [Ka-honua].

[Pukui,Elbert 1966:7.]

 

 ...fish pond, Ko'olaupoko, Oahu, associated with the Ua-po'ai-hale (house-encircling rain; PH 90). Lit. diving place. [Kaha-luu]

[Pukui, Elbert 1966:6. ]

 

 It is said that once while boat surveying his fishpond, he fell in near the area where the akua lived which was an undersea cave.  He was almost sucked into this cave. The suction was like a whirlpool. He later was said to have speared an eel (Mo'o) in the area, which was 30 lbs in weight.  I believe he killed it and used the body as food.  The remains (the head and innards) melted away.  The akua of the fishpond was probably in the form of an eel. It is said that if a man is stingy (owner of the pond he will lose his fish for the aumakua of the pond will eat it up.

[Informant: Don E. Johnson Feb. 12, 1963. ]

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           Waikiki Fishponds General Information

March 7, 1792 "Here and there we met with ponds of considerable size, and besides being well stocked  with fish, they swarmed with water fowl of various kinds such as  ducks, coots, water hens, bitterns, plovers and curlews."

[ Menzies 1920:24] 

 

1821 "All of this land has now been drained and filled; neither fishponds nor taro lands have survived.  In a few instances the taro patches were also stocked with fish."

[Kotzebue 1821:341],[Sites 282,294, McAllister 1933:76]

 

May 24, 1823 Anthony Allen-negro. "His plantation is 2 miles from the Mission House on the plain, towards Waititi.  The road to it, although the plain is uncultivated and entirely unshaded, affords the most pleasant walk in the immediate vicinity of Honoruru. ...the shore is lined only with fishponds and marshes."

[Stewart 1970:158]

 

Tuesday, May 10, 1825. "I walked along the shore towards the bay of Whyteete to see if i could procure any shells, but I found none worth picking up.  The whole distance to the village of Whyteete is taken up with innumerable artificial fishponds extending a mile  inland from the  shore, in these the fish taken by nets in the sea are put, and though most of the ponds are fresh  water, yet the fish seem to thrive and fatten.  Most of these fish belong to the chiefs, and are caught as wanted.  The ponds are several hundred in number and are the resort of wild ducks and other water fowl.  I found it very difficult to get out of the labyrinth of paths which led among them."  

[Bloxam 1925:35-36].

 

Monday, May 22nd, 1826 "Dr. B., Mr. L and myself walked to Waititi to view a fishpond sometime since presented by karaimoku to the mission, but not taken possession of by us till now. After accomplishing our object and committing the care of the pond to an old man who resides in the neighborhood we pursued our walk to Diamond Head."

[Chamberlain 1822-1849: 474].

 

Thursday, Jan. 29, 1828. "...Our path led us along the borders of extensive plots of marshy ground, having raised banks on one or more sides, and which were once filled with water, and replenished abundantly with esculent fish; but now overgrown with tall rushes waving in the wind."

[Chamberlain 1956:26]

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1933. "He [Capt. Douglas] was received very cordially by Titeeree [Kahekili] who took him round the village, showed him several plantations, and conducted him to some large ponds, which appeared to be full of fish.  He mentioned also some others where he had a quantity of turtle."

[Meares 1916: 20 ] , [McAllister 1933:76]

 

1902.   "...14 fishponds in use at Kalia and Waikiki, as late as 1901 and states that those at Waikiki were fresh-water ponds."

[Cobb 1902],[McAllister 1933:76].

 

"Not all pu'uone owned by the chiefs were as large as Lelepaua, Ka'elepulu, or Kawainui Pond.  The ponds at Waikiki whose areas are recorded (Cobb 1902:429) were from 1.3 to 13 acres, and some shown in the same area are on a map made by Monsarrat (1897) were smaller than an acre."

[Summers 1964:22].

 

"Formerly the number must have been considerably greater."

[McAllister 1933:76].

 

1919.   "Kakuhihewa was the chief of Oahu at that time. He lived at Ulukou where the Moana Hotel stands and mauka of there he had a fish pond. It is still seen but is now a place where ducks are raised.  A heavy rain fell until the force of the water broke the walls of the pond.  The kahuna began at once to find a way to save the chief's fish pond and so they took a black pig and laid it before Kaumana, praying all the while.  Kaumana knew that his end was near so he changed himself into a stone."

[Solomon Kauai-informant to T. Kelsey He mo'olelo kupua no Kaumana i lilo Pohaku:Kuokoa. July 4, 1919]. 

[Sterling & Summers 1962. Bk. VI, Vol. 1, Kona 105-106].

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